Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in normal rabbits and changes observed in induced dehydrated state

The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin following oral administration of a single dose of 20mg/Kg body weight was investigated in normal rabbits and changes were observed in water-deprived rabbits. High performance liquid chromatographic method was employed for the determination of plasma concentration of ciprofloxacin. The mean plasma concentration and AUC [0-t] and AUC [0-inf] were significantly different between normal and dehydrated rabbits [P < 0.05], but the absorption rate, distribution rate, and elimination rate did not show any statistically significant difference. The results reflect a need for monitoring toxicity of ciprofloxacin in the water-deprived condition

Multiple dose pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in preterm babies.

BACKGROUND: Ciprofloxacin is increasingly used in preterm neonates to treat multi-drug resistant infections, however the pharmacokinetics of this drug in preterm newborns is not well studied. OBJECTIVES: To determine the multi-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenous ciprofloxacin in pre-term infants. DESIGN: Prospective, cohort study. SETTING: Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a tertiary Care hospital in North India. METHODS: 24 preterm neonates with age < 28 days, who received intravenous ciprofloxacin 10 mg/kg/dose 12 hourly for clinical and/or culture proven sepsis, were enrolled. Serum levels of ciprofloxacin were analyzed after first dose on day 1 and at the end of days 3 and 7. Results: Of 24 babies included in the study [mean gestation (SD) 32 wks (2.4 wks)], 3 died and 1 dropped out in the initial few days, leaving 20 patients whose data on serum ciprofloxacin were available. Peak values on days 1, 3 and 7 were [mean +/- SEM] 2.3 +/- 0.39 microg/mL, 3.0 +/- 0.44 microg/mL and 2.7 +/- 0.39 microg/mL respectively (P >0.05). Trough values on these days were 0.7 +/- 0.14 microg/mL 0.8 +/- 0.14 microg/mL and 1.0 +/- 0.21 microg/mL respectively (P > 0.05). There were no differences between the <1500 g and > 1500 g sub-groups and the < 7 days and >7 days sub-groups with respect to the corresponding peak and trough values on days 1, 3 and 7. The 95% C.I. of serum concentrations were above the MIC90 for most Enterobacteriaceae species, however the lower bound of the 95% C.I. of the mean trough levels was lower than MIC90 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous ciprofloxacin in a dose of 10 mg/kg/dose 12 hourly is an effective treatment of neonatal sepsis, but higher doses may be required for treating Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas.

Bioavailability and bioequivalency study of two formulations of ciprofloxacin tablet

The bioavailabiity and related pharmacokinetics of a single dose 500 mg tablet of ciprofloxacin as a test product [Ciprosam] and a reference [Tyflox] one were determined in 18 healthy male volunteers. The study was a randomized design with one-week wash out period between the doses. Ciprofloxacin concentration in the serum was determined by an HPLC method with UV detector. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference products were as follows: t1/2abs [h]: 0.89,0.57; ka [h-1] 0.844, 1.329; tl/2 el [h]: 7.15, 6.90; kel [h-1] 115: 0.100, 0.103; Cmax [micro g/ml]: 0.82, 0.85; Tmax [h]: 3.9, 1.7; MRT [h]: 11.6, 10.7; AUC [micro g/ml.-h]: 10.9, 9.6. The mean relative bioavailability of the test product was 114%. Both products were well tolerated by the patients without side effects. The serum profiles for ciprofloxacin in the test and reference products, the AUC and relative bioavailability, Cmax, MRT, kel and tlI2el indicated comparable bioavailabiity and related pharmacokinetics between the test and reference products

Pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin in healthy, young Brazilian subjects

1. The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin were determined in 8 healthy young volunteers (5 men and 3 women) after administration of single oral doses of 25omg. 2. The peak plasma concentration of ciprofloxacin (Cmax = 1.26 ñ 0.21 mg/l), the time to reach Cmax (Tmax = 1.99 ñ 0.26 h), the area under the time-plasma concentration curve (AUC = 5.52 ñ 0.84 mg h 1**-1), the terminal phase half-life (T1/2 = 3.05 ñ 0.56 h), the volume of distribution (Vd/F = 195.4 ñ 14.01) and total body clearance (CL/F = 46.3 ñ 2.61/h), both expressed as functions of the oral bioavailability (F) of ciprofloxacin were within the corresponding values reported in the literature for other healthy population groups. 3. Multiple dose administration (250 mg, po, twice daily for 4 days) did not result in accumulation of ciprofloxacin in plasma. No adverse side effects occurred during the study. 4. The pharmacokinetic data are discussed in relation to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin for a number of common pathogens isolated from human infections in Rio de Janeiro